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Bonebed Reference shelf for prehistoric life
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Dinosauria 17

Dinosaurs proper, including the birds that survived them.

  • Theropoda 9 Bipedal, mostly carnivorous, hollow-boned.
  • Sauropodomorpha 3 Long-necked, small-headed, graviportal.
  • Ornithischia 5 Bird-hipped plant eaters: plated, armoured, horned, beaked.

Reptiles (non-dinosaur) 4

Animals routinely filed next to dinosaurs and just as routinely mislabelled as one.

  • Pterosauria 1 Flying archosaurs with a membrane wing on one finger.
  • Mosasauridae 1 Open-ocean squamates with a flipper-paddled tail.
  • Plesiosauria 1 Four-paddle swimmers with a rigid trunk.
  • Ichthyosauria 1 Dolphin-shaped, live-bearing, ringed vertebrae.

Synapsida & mammals 2

The line that led to us. The sail-backs are in here, not with the dinosaurs.

  • Sphenacodontidae 1 Permian predators with a neural-spine sail.
  • Cetacea 0 Fully aquatic mammals with hind limbs reduced to vestiges.
  • Proboscidea 1 Elephants and their extinct kin; tusks are modified incisors.
  • Carnivora 0 Shearing carnassial teeth, four or five toes, no hooves.

Stem vertebrates 1

Jawed and jawless fish that carry the earliest bone in the record.

  • Placodermi 1 Arthrodire and antiarch head shields with a neck joint.

Invertebrates 3

Everything with an exoskeleton or no skeleton at all. Most of the fossil record by count.

  • Radiodonta 1 Stem arthropods with a ring of toothed grasping appendages.
  • Lobopodia 0 Soft-bodied panarthropods walking on stubby unjointed legs.
  • Trilobita 1 Calcite eyes, a three-lobed axis, and moult halves everywhere.
  • Insecta 1 Six legs, two wing pairs, tracheal respiration.
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Bonebed › Period index

Quaternary

2.6 to 0.0 Ma

Repeated glacial cycles drive the megafauna of the mammoth steppe, and the record ends with an extinction pulse that overlaps the spread of modern humans.

1 entries in this period

  1. Mammuthus — bone plate Mammuthus 猛犸象属 4.0 t - 8.0 t · Proboscidea Published 2026-09-15